Humulus lupulus L. is a perennial herbaceous vine with horizontal and vertical roots. The horizontal roots spread out at depth of 20 to 30 cm and give rise to fibrous roots in the upper layers of soil. The vertical roots develop downward to a depth of 152 cm with a spread of 183 to 244 cm and no fibrous roots.
The stems are annual, slender, climbing, up to 9 m in length, often with stout hooked hairs. The leaves are opposite, cordate, 3 to 5 lobed, margins serrate, petioles slightly fleshy with stout hooked hairs.
The plants are dioecious with unisexual flowers on separate plants, but occasionally monoecious plants occur, in which case male or female flowers are often infertile. Humulus lupulus L. is wind-pollinated. The female inflorescence are cone-like, 2.5 to 5 cm long and the male flowers form in long racemes.
The plants are native to Europe and western Asia and currently cultivated in North and South America, Africa, Asia and Australia and have become naturalized in many areas. Hops are quite hardy if other growing conditions are good and can live for 10-20 years. When dormant, they withstand freezing, however, a severe frost will kill young, tender vines in spring.
Hops range from Boreal Wet through Subtropical Dry Forest Life Zones and are reported to tolerate annual precipitation of 3.1 to 13.7 cm (mean of 34 cases = 7.4) and annual temperature of 5.6 to 21.3 degrees C. They are suitable for temperate climates between latitudes 35 to 51N and 34 to 43S, with mean summer temperatures of 16 to 18 degrees C.
1576
Images reproduced from the pamphlet:
Scot, Reginald, 1538?-1599.
A Perfite Platforme of a Hoppe Garden : and necessarie instructions for the making and mayntenaunce thereof, with notes and rules for reformation of all abuses, commonly practised therein, very necessarie and expedient for all men to haue, which in any wise haue to doe with hops.
Imprinted at London : By Henrie Denham, dwelling in Pater noster Rovve, at the signe of the Starre, 1576.
Houghton Library STC 21867 [1578 edition]
Reproduced in:
Bickerdyke, John, 1858-1933.
The curiosities of ale & beer : an entertaining history
London : Spring Books, 1965.
Botany Economic Botany TP577 .B35x 1965
1491
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ILLUSTRATION
1509
[Herbarius] Incipit Tractatus de virtutibus herbarum.
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ILLUSTRATION
1542
Fuchs, Leonhart, 1501-1566.
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ILLUSTRATION
1586
Tusser, Thomas
Hundreth Pointes of Good Husbandrie
At London : Printed in the now dwelling house of Henrie Denham in Aldersgate street at the signe of the Starre, [1586].
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ILLUSTRATION
1600
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Mattioli, Pietro Andrea, 1500-1577.
Kreutterbuch desz Hochgelehrten und Weitberuhmten Herrn D. Petri Andreae Matthioli...
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ILLUSTRATION
1654
Source
The Country-mans Recreation, or, The art of Planting, Graffing, and Gardening in three books : the first declaring divers waies of planting, and graffing, and the best times of year ... the second theateth of the hop-garden, with necessary instructions for the making and the maintenance thereof ... with some directions for tabaco : whereunto is added, The expert gardener, containing divers necessary and rare secrets belonging to that art ... : hereunto is likewise added The art of angling.
London : Printed by T. Mabb for William Shears ..., c1654.
COVER
TITLE PAGE
ILLUSTRATION
1758
Source
Kniphof, Johann Hieronymus, 1704-1763.
Botanica in Originali, seu Herbarium Vivum, in quo plantarum tam indigenarum quam exoticarum peculiari quadam operosaque enchiresi atramento impressorio obductarum nominibusqve suis ad methodum illustrivm nostri aevi botanicorum Linnaei et Ludwigii insignitarum elegantissima ectypa exhibentur / opera et studio Ioannis Godofredi Trampe, typographi halensis. Centvr. I [-XII].
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Link to digital copy in the Biodiversity Heritage Library
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ILLUSTRATION
1788
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Hoppe, David Heinrich, 1760-1846.
Ectypa Plantarum Ratisbonensium : oder, Abdrucke Derjenigen Pflanzen, welche um Regensburg wild wachsen
Regensburg : Verfertiget und verlegt von Johann Mayr ... und gedruckt mit Zeitlerischen Schriften, 1787-1793.
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ILLUSTRATION
1790
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Zorn, Johannes, 1739-1799.
Icones Plantarum Medicinalium.
Nurnberg : auf Kosten der RaspischenBuchhandlung, 1779-1790.
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1797
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Sowerby, James, 1757-1822.
English Botany; or, Coloured Figures of British Plants, with their essential characters, synonyms, and places of growth. To which will be added, occasional remarks.
London, Printed for the author by J. Davis [etc], 1790-1814.
Link to digital copy in the Biodiversity Heritage Library
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ILLUSTRATION
1800
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Oskamp, D. L.
Afbeeldingen der Artsenygewassen met Derzelvernederduitsche en Latynschebeschryvingen.
Amsterdam. 1796-1800.
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Male
Female
1807
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Kops, Jan, 1765-1849.
Flora Batava / Afgebeeld door en van Wegens J. C. Sepp etc.
Amsterdam : J. C. Sepp en zoon, [1800]-1934.
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Female
1807
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Palmstruchoch, J.W.
Svensk botanik
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ILLUSTRATION
1808
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Schkuhr, Christian, 1741-1811.
Botanisches Handbuch der Mehresten theils in Deutschland Wildwachsenden :theils Auslandischen in Deutschland unter Freyem Himmel Ausdauernden Gewachse
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1812
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Flore Pittoresque des Environs de Paris
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1817
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Chaumeton, Francois Pierre, 1775-1819.
Flore Medicale
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ILLUSTRATION
1821
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Bigelow, Jacob, 1786-1879.
American Medical Botany : being a collection of the native medicinal plants of the United States, containing their botanical history and chemical analysis, and properties and uses in medicine, diet and the arts, with coloured engravings ...
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ILLUSTRATION
1822
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1828
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Rafinesque, C. S. (Constantine Samuel), 1783-1840
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ILLUSTRATION
1832
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Woodville, William, 1752-1805.
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London, 1832
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ILLUSTRATION
1833
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Schlechtendal, D. F. L. von (Diedrich Franz Leonhard von), 1794-1866.
Abbildung und Beschreibung aller in der Pharmacopae Aborussicaauf gefuhrten Gewachse; Herausgegeben von Friedrich Guimpel.
Berlin, 1830-37.
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ILLUSTRATION
1834
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Stephenson, John, 1790-1864.
Medical botany, or, Illustrations and descriptions of the medicinal plants of the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin pharmacopoeias : comprising a popular and scientific account of poisonous vegetables indigenous to Great Britain.
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1836
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Zenker, Jonathan Carl, 1799-1837.
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Jena : Expedition der Thuringischen Flora, 1836-1845.
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1840
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Baxter, W. (William), d. 1871.
British Phaenogamous Botany, or, Figures and descriptions of the genera of British flowering plants
Published by the author ; London : Sold by J.H. Parker and by Whittaker, Treacher, and Co. ... , 1834-43.
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ILLUSTRATION
1847
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Deakin, Richard, 1809-1873.
Florigraphia Britannica : or, engravings and descriptions of the flowering plants and ferns of Britain.
London : R. Groombridge [et al.], 1841-1848.
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1848
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Strong, A. B. (Asa B.).
The American Flora, or history of plants and wild flowers containing a systematic and general description, natural history, chemical and medical properties of over six thousand plants.
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1849
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Petermann, Wilhelm Ludwig, 1806-1855.
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Leipzig. 1849.
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ILLUSTRATION
1886
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Thome, Otto W. (Otto Wilhelm), 1840-
Prof. Dr. Thome's Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz in wort und Bild fur Schule und Haus.
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ILLUSTRATION
1893
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Schimpfky, Richard.
Unsere Heilpflanzen in Bild und Wort fur jedermann. : Ihr Nutzen und ihre Anwendung in Haus und Familie.
Berlin-Lichterfelde H. Bermuhler Verlag.
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ILLUSTRATION
1895
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Yuyo shokubutsu zusetsu. English. Selections.
Useful plants of Japan : described and illustrated.
Tokyo : Agricultural Society of Japan, 1895.
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ILLUSTRATION
1902
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Hulme, F. Edward (Frederick Edward), 1841-1909.
Wild fruits of the country-side.
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ILLUSTRATION
1905
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Sturm, Jacob, 1771-1848.
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Link to digital copy in the Biodiversity Heritage Library
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ILLUSTRATION
1907
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Iinuma, Yokusai.
Somoku-Dzusetsu : or, an iconography of plants indigenous to cultivated in, or introduced into Nippon (Japan)
Tokyo :Seibido 1907-1912.
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